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    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">REA Press</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Null</journal-id>
      <journal-title>REA Press</journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">3042-3066</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3042-3066</issn><publisher>
      	<publisher-name>REA Press</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">https://doi.org/10.48313/scodm.v2i4.43</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group><subject>Off-site construction, Multi-project environment, Synergistic logistics, Fourth-party logistics, Integrated management.</subject></subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Fourth-Party Logistics in Off-Site Construction: A Synergy-Based Service Strategy</article-title><subtitle>Fourth-Party Logistics in Off-Site Construction: A Synergy-Based Service Strategy</subtitle></title-group>
      <contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author">
	<name name-style="western">
	<surname>Karimi</surname>
		<given-names>Behnam </given-names>
	</name>
	<aff>Department of Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Science & Technology, Tehran, Iran.</aff>
	</contrib><contrib contrib-type="author">
	<name name-style="western">
	<surname> Mohammadpour Omran </surname>
		<given-names>Mohammad </given-names>
	</name>
	<aff>Department of Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Science & Technology, Tehran, Iran.</aff>
	</contrib></contrib-group>		
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>15</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>2</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© 2025 REA Press</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/"><p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p></license>
      </permissions>
      <related-article related-article-type="companion" vol="2" page="e235" id="RA1" ext-link-type="pmc">
			<article-title>Fourth-Party Logistics in Off-Site Construction: A Synergy-Based Service Strategy</article-title>
      </related-article>
	  <abstract abstract-type="toc">
		<p>
			The construction Supply Chain (SC) suffers from very low productivity due to the temporary nature of projects, the complexity and extent of communication between actors, and high logistics costs. Therefore, leveraging synergy and interaction, along with the presence of an integrator, can help mitigate these challenges. Fourth-party logistics is one of the drivers that can be considered an integrator in the construction industry, given its successful implementation in other industries. This study presents a mathematical model to investigate the effect of synergy in the construction industry by taking advantage of the integrative potential of a 4PL. It also considers the interaction between contractors and 4PL, pricing for the supply of raw materials, and the choice of transportation method, thereby bringing the problem closer to reality. To validate and demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed model, GAMS, a commercial software package, is used to conduct sensitivity analyses of key variables. The results show that creating a synergistic framework between contractors and leveraging the integrative capabilities of a fourth-party logistics enterprise can significantly reduce project delivery costs and delays, suggesting the proposed model's higher efficiency than those available in the literature on the subject.
		</p>
		</abstract>
    </article-meta>
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