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    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">REA Press</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Null</journal-id>
      <journal-title>REA Press</journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">3042-3066</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3042-3066</issn><publisher>
      	<publisher-name>REA Press</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">https://doi.org/10.48313/scodm.v3i2.53</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group><subject>Multi‐objective optimization, Backup suppliers, Chebyshev goal programming, Sustainability.</subject></subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Sustainable Multi-Product Supply Chain Network Design: Integrating Backup Suppliers for Disruption Mitigation in the Dairy Sector</article-title><subtitle>Sustainable Multi-Product Supply Chain Network Design: Integrating Backup Suppliers for Disruption Mitigation in the Dairy Sector</subtitle></title-group>
      <contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author">
	<name name-style="western">
	<surname>Bakhshande </surname>
		<given-names>Hiva </given-names>
	</name>
	<aff>Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Engineering Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran, Iran.</aff>
	</contrib><contrib contrib-type="author">
	<name name-style="western">
	<surname>Makui</surname>
		<given-names>Ahmad </given-names>
	</name>
	<aff>Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Engineering Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran, Iran.</aff>
	</contrib></contrib-group>		
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <month>05</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>27</day>
        <month>05</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>3</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© 2026 REA Press</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/"><p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p></license>
      </permissions>
      <related-article related-article-type="companion" vol="2" page="e235" id="RA1" ext-link-type="pmc">
			<article-title>Sustainable Multi-Product Supply Chain Network Design: Integrating Backup Suppliers for Disruption Mitigation in the Dairy Sector</article-title>
      </related-article>
	  <abstract abstract-type="toc">
		<p>
			Perishable‐food supply chains face growing pressures to reconcile cost, environmental, and social goals under the threat of supplier disruptions. This study presents a multi‐objective mixed‐integer linear programming model for sustainable design of a multi‐product dairy supply chain. By embedding backup suppliers as design‐time options, the model directly compares network configurations with and without redundancy across four echelons—primary and backup suppliers, processing plants, distribution centers, and retailers—optimizing total cost, carbon emissions, and social value. A Chebyshev Goal Programming approach identifies balanced trade‐offs among objectives. Computational results show that backup integration cuts total cost by approximately 41.7% and emissions by 85.3% without compromising social impact. While not simulating explicit disruption scenarios, the framework’s design‐level redundancy provides valuable insights into mitigation strategies under deterministic demand. This approach offers a practical foundation for sustainable, resilient supply chain planning in perishable‐goods sectors..
		</p>
		</abstract>
    </article-meta>
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